Abies nordmanniana is a stately fir tree, normally rising 40 to 60 toes in peak when cultivated, however as much as 200 toes within the wild. The lustrous darkish inexperienced needles densely cowl the branches and have 2 whitish bands beneath. The massive 5- to 6-inch cones are reddish brown, cylindrical or tapered considerably. Grows greatest in barely acidic soils in full to half solar. ‘Prostrata’, a low-growing cultivar, has needles which might be flat and blunt. It has a prostrate behavior.
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Traits
Cultivar: Prostrata
Household: Pinaceae
Dimension: Top: 0 ft. to six ft.
Width: 0 ft. to 0 ft.
Plant Class: floor covers, panorama, timber,
Plant Traits: low upkeep, prostrate, spreading,
Foliage Traits: evergreen,
Flower Traits:
Flower Colour:
Tolerances: rabbits, wind,
Necessities
Bloomtime Vary: not relevant
USDA Hardiness Zone: 4 to six
AHS Warmth Zone: Not outlined for this plant
Mild Vary: Solar to Full Solar
pH Vary: 5 to 7
Soil Vary: Largely Sand to Some Clay
Water Vary: Regular to Moist
Plant Care
Fertilizing
How-to : Fertilization for Younger Vegetation
Younger crops want additional phosphorus to encourage good root growth. Search for a fertilizer that has phosphorus, P, in it(the second quantity on the bag.) Apply really helpful quantity for plant per label instructions within the soil at time of planting or a minimum of through the first rising season.
How-to : Fertilization for Established Vegetation
Established crops can profit from fertilization. Take a visible stock of your panorama. Timber must be fertilized each few years. Shrubs and different crops within the panorama may be fertilized yearly. A soil check can decide current nutrient ranges within the soil. If a number of vitamins is low, a particular as an alternative of an all-purpose fertilizer could also be required. Fertilizers which might be excessive in N, nitrogen, will promote inexperienced leafy development. Extra nitrogen within the soil could cause extreme vegetative development on crops on the expense of flower bud growth. It’s best to keep away from fertilizing late within the rising season. Purposes made at the moment can pressure lush, vegetative development that won’t have an opportunity to harden off earlier than the onset of chilly climate.
Mild
Circumstances : Mild Circumstances
Except a web site is totally uncovered, gentle situations will change through the day and even through the yr. The northern and jap sides of a home obtain the least quantity of sunshine, with the northern publicity being the shadiest. The western and southern sides of a home obtain probably the most gentle and are thought-about the most well liked exposures attributable to intense afternoon solar.
You’ll discover that solar and shade patterns change through the day. The western aspect of a home might even be shady attributable to shadows solid by giant timber or a construction from an adjoining property. When you have simply purchased a brand new house or simply starting to backyard in your older house, take time to map solar and shade all through the day. You’ll get a extra correct really feel in your web site’s true gentle situations.
Circumstances : Full to Partial Solar
Full daylight is required for a lot of crops to imagine their full potential. Many of those crops will do effective with rather less daylight, though they might not flower as closely or their foliage as vibrant. Areas on the southern and western sides of buildings normally are the sunniest. The one exception is when homes or buildings are so shut collectively, shadows are solid from neighboring properties. Full solar normally means 6 or extra hours of direct unobstructed daylight on a sunny day. Partial solar receives lower than 6 hours of solar, however greater than 3 hours. Vegetation in a position to take full solar in some climates might solely be capable to tolerate half solar in different climates. Know the tradition of the plant before you purchase and plant it!
Circumstances : Sorts of Pruning
Sorts of pruning embrace: pinching, thinning, shearing and rejuvenating.
Pinching is eradicating the stem ideas of a younger plant to advertise branching. Doing this avoids the necessity for extra extreme pruning afterward.
Thinning entails eradicating complete branches again to the trunk. This can be executed to open up the inside of a plant to let extra gentle in and to extend air circulation that may minimize down on plant illness. One of the best ways to start thinning is to start by eradicating useless or diseased wooden.
Shearing is leveling the floor of a shrub utilizing hand or electrical shears. That is executed to keep up the specified form of a hedge or topiary.
Rejuvenating is elimination of outdated branches or the general discount of the scale of a shrub to revive its unique kind and dimension. It is strongly recommended that you don’t take away a couple of third of a plant at a time. Bear in mind to take away branches from the within of the plant in addition to the skin. When rejuvenating crops with canes, similar to nandina, reduce canes at varied heights in order that plant could have a extra pure look.
Circumstances : Mild and Plant Choice
For greatest plant efficiency, it’s fascinating to match the proper plant with the out there gentle situations. Proper plant, proper place! Vegetation which don’t obtain adequate gentle might turn into pale in shade, have fewer leaves and a “leggy” stretched-out look. Additionally count on crops to develop slower and have fewer blooms when gentle is lower than fascinating. It’s potential to offer supplemental lighting for indoor crops with lamps. Vegetation may also obtain an excessive amount of gentle. If a shade loving plant is uncovered to direct solar, it could wilt and/or trigger leaves to be sunburned or in any other case broken.
Circumstances : Full Solar
Full Solar is outlined as publicity to greater than 6 hours of steady, direct solar per day.
Watering
Circumstances : Moist and Nicely Drained
Moist and effectively drained means precisely what it seems like. Soil is moist with out being soggy as a result of the feel of the soil permits extra moisture to empty away. Most crops like about 1 inch of water per week. Amending your soil with compost will assist enhance texture and water holding or draining capability. A 3 inch layer of mulch will assist to keep up soil moisture and research have proven that mulched crops develop quicker than non-mulched crops.
Circumstances : Out of doors Watering
Vegetation are virtually fully made up of water so you will need to provide them with ample water to keep up good plant well being. Not sufficient water and roots will wither and the plant will wilt and die. An excessive amount of water utilized too often deprives roots of oxygen resulting in plant ailments similar to root and stem rots. The kind of plant, plant age, gentle stage, soil sort and container dimension all will influence when a plant must be watered. Observe these tricks to guarantee profitable watering:
* The important thing to watering is water deeply and fewer often. When watering, water effectively, i.e. present sufficient water to totally saturate the foundation ball. With in-ground crops, this implies totally soaking the soil till water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches (1′ being higher). With container grown crops, apply sufficient water to permit water to stream via the drainage holes.
* Attempt to water crops early within the day or later within the afternoon to preserve water and minimize down on plant stress. Do water early sufficient in order that water has had an opportunity to dry from plant leaves prior to nighttime fall. That is paramount when you’ve got had fungus issues.
* Do not wait to water till crops wilt. Though some crops will get better from this, all crops will die in the event that they wilt an excessive amount of (after they attain the everlasting wilting level).
* Think about water conservation strategies similar to drip irrigation, mulching, and xeriscaping. Drip programs which slowly drip moisture instantly on the foundation system may be bought at your native house and backyard middle. Mulches can considerably cool the foundation zone and preserve moisture.
* Think about including water-saving gels to the foundation zone which is able to maintain a reserve of water for the plant. These could make a world of distinction particularly underneath nerve-racking situations. Make certain to observe label instructions for his or her use.
Circumstances : Regular Watering for Out of doors Vegetation
Regular watering signifies that soil must be stored evenly moist and watered frequently, as situations require. Most crops like 1 inch of water per week through the rising season, however take care to not over water. The primary two years after a plant is put in, common watering is vital for institution. The primary yr is important. It’s higher to water as soon as per week and water deeply, than to water often for a couple of minutes.
Planting
How-to : Pruning Timber After Planting
It’s important to prune timber accurately from the start to guarantee correct development and growth. Younger timber may be transplanted in a variety of varieties: naked root, balled & burlap and in containers. The extra stress the plant undergoes within the transplant course of, the extra pruning that’s required to compensate.
Deciduous timber like maples (people who unfastened their leaves within the fall) may be dug up and bought with their naked roots uncovered. As a result of a lot of the root system is misplaced in digging, adequate high development must be eliminated to compensate for this loss. This can be executed on the nursery before you purchase the plant or you will have to prune on the time of planting. Choose and head again the most effective scaffold branches, i.e. these branches which is able to kind the principle lateral construction of the longer term mature tree. Take away all different extraneous aspect branches. If the tree seedling doesn’t have branches, enable it to develop to the specified peak of branching then pinch it again to stimulate the decrease buds to kind branches.
Ball and burlap timber are dug up with their root programs considerably intact. This was largely executed for conifers and broadleaf evergreens, however has turn into widespread for deciduous timber as effectively. Since some root mass is misplaced within the digging stage, a lightweight pruning is usually referred to as for. Head again the plant to compensate for this loss and to advertise branching.
Timber which might be grown in containers typically don’t unfastened roots within the transplanting part. Subsequently you don’t typically need to prune them except there’s some root harm or limb injury within the planting course of.
Upon getting your timber planted, be affected person. Don’t take away shoots from the trunk early on as these enable the tree to develop extra quickly and in addition shade the tender younger trunk from sun-scald. Wait a number of years to start coaching the tree to its final kind.
How-to : Planting a Tree
Dig out an space for the tree that’s about 3 or 4 instances the diameter of the container or rootball and the identical depth because the container or rootball. Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the edges of the gap.
If container-grown, lay the tree on its aspect and take away the container. Loosen the roots across the edges with out breaking apart the foundation ball an excessive amount of. Place tree in middle of gap in order that the most effective aspect faces ahead. You’re prepared to start filling in with soil.
If planting a balled and burlaped tree, place it in gap in order that the most effective aspect faces ahead. Untie or take away nails from burlap at high of ball and pull burlap again, so it doesn’t stick out of gap when soil is changed. Artificial burlap must be eliminated because it is not going to decompose like pure burlap. Bigger timber typically are available in wire baskets. Plant as you’d a b&b plant, however minimize as a lot of the wire away as potential with out really eradicating the basket. Chances are high, you’d do extra injury to the rootball by eradicating the basket. Merely minimize away wires to depart a number of giant openings for roots.
Fill each holes with soil the identical method. By no means amend with lower than half unique soil. Latest research present that in case your soil is unfastened sufficient, you might be higher off including little or no soil amendments.
Create a water ring across the outer fringe of the outlet. Not solely will this conseve water, however will direct moisture to perimeter roots, encouraging outer development. As soon as tree is established, water ring could also be leveled. Research present that mulched timber develop quicker than these unmulched, so add a 3″” layer of pinestraw, compost, or pulverized bark over backfilled space. Take away any broken limbs.
Issues
Fungi : Rusts
Most rusts are host particular and overwinter on leaves, stems and spent flower particles. Rust typically seems as small, vibrant orange, yellow, or brown pustules on the underside of leaves. If touched, it should go away a coloured spot of spores on the finger. Brought on by fungi and unfold by splashing water or rain, rust is worse when climate is moist.
Prevention and Management: Plant resistant varieties and supply most air circulation. Clear up all particles, particularly round crops which have had an issue. Don’t water from overhead and water solely through the day in order that crops could have sufficient time to dry earlier than night time. Apply a fungicide labeled for rust in your plant.
Pest : Caterpillars
Caterpillars are the immature type of moths and butterflies. They’re voracious feeders attacking all kinds of crops. They are often extremely damaging and are characterised as leaf feeders, stem borers, leaf rollers, cutworms and tent-formers.
Prevention and Management: hold weeds down, scout particular person crops and take away caterpillars, apply labeled pesticides similar to soaps and oils, reap the benefits of pure enemies similar to parasitic wasps within the backyard and use Bacillus thuringiensis (organic warfare) for some caterpillar species.
Pest : Scale Bugs
Scales are bugs, associated to mealy bugs, that may be an issue on all kinds of crops – indoor and outside. Younger scales crawl till they discover a good feeding web site. The grownup females then lose their legs and stay on a spot protected by its exhausting shell layer. They seem as bumps, typically on the decrease sides of leaves. They’ve piercing mouth elements that suck the sap out of plant tissue. Scales can weaken a plant resulting in yellow foliage and leaf drop. In addition they produce a candy substance referred to as honeydew (coveted by ants) which may result in an unattractive black floor fungal development referred to as sooty mildew.
Prevention and Management: As soon as established they’re exhausting to regulate. Isolate infested crops away from these that aren’t infested. Seek the advice of your native backyard middle skilled or Cooperative Extension workplace in your county for a authorized advice concerning their management. Encourage pure enemies similar to parasitic wasps within the backyard.
Miscellaneous
Glossary : Specimen
A specimen could be a tree, shrub, floor cowl, annual, or perennial that’s distinctive compared to the encircling crops. Uniqueness could also be in shade, kind, texture, or dimension. By utilizing just one specimen plant in a visible space, it may be showcased. Specimen crops are accents within the panorama, simply as statues, water options, or arbors.
Glossary : Evergreen
Evergreen refers to crops that maintain onto their leaves or needles for a couple of rising season, shedding them over time. Some crops similar to reside oaks are evergreen, however generally shed the vast majority of their older leaves across the finish of January.
Glossary : pH
pH, means the potential of Hydrogen, is the measure of alkalinity or acidity. In horticulture, pH refers back to the pH of soil. The dimensions measures from 0, most acid, to 14, most alkaline. Seven is impartial. Most crops desire a spread between 5.5 and about 6.7, an acid vary, however there are many different crops that like soil extra alkaline, or above 7. A pH of seven is the place the plant can most simply soak up probably the most vitamins within the soil. Some crops desire roughly of sure vitamins, and due to this fact do higher at a sure pH.
Glossary : Small Tree
A small tree is lower than 30 toes tall.
Glossary : Floor Cowl
Afloor cowl is any low rising plant that’s planted in a mass to cowl the bottom. Shrubs, vines, perennials, and annuals can all be thought-about floor covers if they’re grouped on this trend. Floor covers can beautify an space, assist scale back soil erosion, and the necessity to weed.